Reading I
A. Find the
words from the text that have the following meanings.
a. the height
of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level - altitude
b. a group of
atoms bonded together - molecule
c. a state in
which opposing forces are balanced - equilibrium
d. to change
from a gas or vapour to a liquid - condense
e. a piece of
unreliable information that is repeated so often that it is accepted as the
fact - factoid
f. a space or
container from which the air has been removed - vacuum
g. a device
that is used to remove blockages from the drain of a basin or tub - plunger
B. Complete the
sentences with the correct words or phrases from the text.
a. Water
bubbles break down if vapour pressure inside and outside the bubbles is
equal.
b. As the
altitude goes up, the boiling point of water decreases.
c. Random
motion of molecules or particles is called thermal motion.
d. If the door
does not open, try pushing the key in the lock.
e. Certain
chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.
C. Answer these
questions.
a. What is the
speed of the water particles compared with ?
→ The speed of
the water particles is compared with the height of a group of adult humans.
b. How are
bubbles formed in the boiling water ?
→ Bubbles are
formed in boiling water when water molecules have enough energy to push back
other water molecules in the liquid phase.
c. Mention two
things on which external pressure depends.
→ External
pressure depends on the depth of water and the density of water.
d. How is the
atmosphere related to the pressure of water ?
→ The
atmosphere is related to the pressure of water as it contributes to the total
pressure on the surface of the liquid. The atmosphere pushes down on the surface
of the liquid, which increases the pressure in the liquid. So, the pressure of
water is affected by both the atmospheric pressure and the pressure exerted by
the water itself.
e. What would
happen if the atmospheric pressure on the liquid water was decreased ?
→ If the
atmospheric pressure on the liquid water was decreased, it would also decrease
the pressure in the liquid. If the pressure is reduced enough to bring it down
to the same level as the vapor pressure, the water particles will have enough
energy to form boiling bubbles without needing to increase the temperature.
f. What would
the experimenter gain if s/he pulled the plunger out ?
→ If the
experimenter pulls the plunger out, it would decrease the pressure in the
liquid and induce boiling.
D. What would
happen on the Earth if there were no gravity ?
→ If there was
no gravity on Earth, everything would float away into space, including people,
animals, and objects. This is because gravity is what holds objects with mass
to the surface of the planet. In the absence of gravity, objects would have no
weight and would be weightless, which would be a fascinating experience for a
short period of time. In addition to the impact on Earth, the loss of gravity
would also have significant consequences for space travel. Without gravity, it
would be impossible for spacecraft to orbit the Earth or other celestial
bodies, making it difficult to explore and study space.
Grammar I
A. Match the
clauses in column A with their appropriate continuation in column B.
a. If you go to
Taplejung - iii. you can see the Pathibhara temple.
b. You will get
well soon - i. if you follow the doctor's advice.
c. The horse
won't kick you - ii. unless you go behind it.
d. If I were
you - vi. I would see a doctor.
e. What happens
- iv. if you heat water ?
f. I would miss
the bus - v. if I did not reach the bus stop on time.
g. Provided
that they discussed properly - vii. they won't have misunderstanding.
h. As long as
they communicate well - viii. the problem might be solved.
B. Complete the
following sentences using the correct form of verbs in brackets.
a. If it is
cold. I will wear (wear) a coat.
b. If Purna
helps with the housework, his mother will have (have) more time for him.
c. If I were a
bird, I would make (make) a good observation of the land below.
d. If I went
(go) to Mustang, I would visit Muktinath.
e. If I Were
(be) a billionaire, I would buy a castle.
f. You'd save
petrol if you drove (drive) more carefully. g. Say 'hello' if you see
(see) her.
h. Provided
that you consent (consent). I will take a few days' leave next week.
i. Take care of
the pence, the pounds will take (take) care of themselves.
Writing I
Write stepwise
instructions to draw a jellyfish as given below. You may use the following
words and phrases.
[circle, lines,
semi-straight, creaky, on top of, above, below ]
Answer:
How to Draw a
Jellyfish; Step-by-step instructions:
- Start by drawing a large circle in
the center of your paper.
- From the bottom of the circle,
draw a series of long, semi-straight lines that taper towards the ends.
These lines will form the tentacles of the jellyfish.
- Above the circle, draw a slightly
smaller circle for the bell or the top part of the jellyfish.
- Add some curved lines on the
inside of the top circle to give it a creaky appearance.
- Inside the body of the jellyfish
(the larger circle), draw some small, curved lines to represent the
internal organs.
- On top of the bell (the smaller
circle), draw two large, round eyes.
- Draw a few curved lines or
patterns on each tentacle to give them texture and make them look more
interesting.
- You can also draw small
semi-circles or dots along the length of the tentacles.
- Now, it's time to add some color
to your jellyfish! Use your creativity to choose the colors you like.
- Finally, add a watery background
to complete the scene.
Reading II
The Voice of
the Rain
A. Match the
words in column A with their meanings in column B.
a. eternal –
vii. Never – ending
b. impalpable –
v. not easily understood
c. vaguely –
ii. unclearly
d. descend –
come down
e. lave – vi.
to pour out as water
f. atomies –
iii. indivisible particles
g. reck – iv.
to take care of
B. Fill in the
blanks choosing the words given below.
a. The river
ran dry during the drought.
b. It is still impalpable
to understand how the earth originated.
c. The company
produces a wide variety of make up and skin care products designed to gently
and effectively beautify human skin.
d. His greatest
ambition is to sail around the globe.
e. Without
training, his musical talent remained latent.
f. What recks
it whether they win or lose?
C. Complete the
summary of the poem using suitable words or phrases given below.
The poem is a
conversation between the poet and the rain. When the poet asks the identity of
the drizzle, she replies that she is the poem of the Earth. The rain expresses
that it gives happiness to mother Earth.
The rain is a
perpetual process which has different forms at different times. It rises from
the land as water vapour and ascends high up to the sky. It takes the
form of clouds. Though it changes its form or shape, its originality
remains unchanged. It shows that nature is not fully understood. Some parts of
it always remain mysterious.
The raindrops
pour down from above to wash away atomies and dust layers. It quenches
the thirst of the dry Earth and heals everything that is becoming lifeless. In
other words, the showers make the Earth pure and beautiful. Finally, the
poet observes that the life of rain is similar to that of a song. A song also
has the power to calm, heal, transform and thrill. In the same way,
repeated evaporation and condensation purifies the rain. It beautifies
the whole earth as a rhythm does to a poem or a music.
D. Answer the
following questions.
a. What are the
two voices in the poem? Who do they belong to ?
Ans: The two
voices in the poem are of the poet or speaker and the rain.
b. How is the
cyclic movement of the rain shown in the poem ?
Ans: The cycle
movement of the rain is shown in the poem by describing how it rises from the
land and sea as water vapor, ascends into the sky, takes the form of clouds,
and then descends back to the earth as rain to wash away dust and quench the
thirst of the dry earth.
c. Why are the
showers necessary for the Earth ?
Ans: The
showers are necessary for the earth because they provide moisture to the plants
and animals, wash away dust and pollutants, and help in the purification and
beautification of the earth.
d. How are the
rain and music similar ?
Ans: The rain
and music are similar because both of them have a rhythm and a power to calm,
heal, transform, and thrill.
e. How are the
clouds formed ?
Ans: The clouds
are formed when water vapor rises from the earth and then cools and condenses
into tiny droplets, which then accumulate and form larger droplets that
eventually fall to the earth as rain.
f. List the
pairs of opposite words in the poem.
Ans: They are:
rise-descend
rain-draught
day-night
reck'd-unreck'd
( recked-unrecked )
C. Why do water
and vegetable oil not mix ? Ans: Water and vegetable oil do not mix because they have different
chemical properties. Water is polar, while vegetable oil is nonpolar. This
means they are unable to form a homogeneous mixture when mixed together, and
they separate into two distinct layers.
Grammar II
A. Complete the
following sentences using the correct form of verbs in brackets.
a. If Gaurab
were the captain, the team would play (play) better.
b. I would
have called (call) you had I known you were in Nepal.
c. If he hadn't
come (not/come) to Nepal, he would not have seen Mt. Everest.
d. Had you
arrived a bit earlier, you would have seen (see) Manashi.
e. We could
slow down global warming if we reduced (reduce) energy consumption.
f. If he were
to see me, he would know (know) me at once.
g. Were Rijisa
in the USA, she would be (be) working for a company.
h. How would
you feel if someone asked (ask) you for an autograph ?
i. What would
you have done (you/do) if Keshab had proposed you for marriage ?
j. If I had
(have) a life jacket, I could certainly swim across the river.
B. Complete the
following sentences with appropriate clauses.
a. If you don't
leave soon, you will miss the bus.
b. If it rains
in winter, it will be very cold.
c. You will
be taken as a good person as long as you tell the truth.
d. A country
cannot develop unless its citizens are active and devoted.
e. What will
you do if they insult you ?
Writing II
B. Write a letter
of complaint to the concerned authority about the unmanaged garbage in your
locality. Mention the hazards of unmanaged garbage to public health and suggest
some measures to solve the problem. Boradandi -3, Dhangadhi
June 7, 2024
To
The Mayor,
Dhangadhi Municipality,
Dhangadhi
Dear Sir,
I'm writing to
draw your attention to a critical problem that's been affecting our locality,
specifically the unmanaged garbage issue. I bring up this issue since it not
only endangers the environment but also has serious negative effects on public
health.
The amount of
junk that has accumulated in our neighborhood over the last few months has
gotten seriously out of hand. Ineffective waste management practices have
resulted in overflowing trash cans, street litter, and an ugly environment in
general. The unmanaged garbage not only emits foul odors but also attracts
pests such as rats, flies, and mosquitoes, which are known carriers of
diseases.
Uncontrolled
waste poses a wide range of risks to public health. The airborne poisonous
compounds and hazardous gases released by the decomposing garbage might result
in respiratory conditions, allergic reactions, and other health difficulties.
The risk of vector-borne illnesses including dengue, malaria, and cholera is
increased by the presence of pests attracted to the rubbish. Additionally, the
uncontrolled rubbish creates unsanitary conditions that serve as a breeding
ground for germs and other infections.
Considering the
gravity of the situation, I urge the concerned authority to take immediate
action to address this problem. Here are some measures that could help
alleviate the unmanaged garbage issue and improve public health:
Increase the
frequency of garbage collection: Increasing the frequency of garbage collection
is necessary to avoid rubbish accumulation and the problems that result from
it. To satisfy the needs of our community, the current collection schedule must
be amended because it is insufficient.
Implement
segregation at source: Encourage and educate residents about the importance of
waste segregation at the source. Provide clear guidelines and distribute
color-coded bins for different types of waste (e.g., organic, recyclable, and
non-recyclable) to facilitate proper disposal.
Create
recycling facilities: Open recycling facilities in your community to encourage
the reuse and recycling of waste products. This will support a more sustainable
environment by lowering the amount of waste that is dumped in landfills.
Promote
awareness programs: To inform the public about the correct disposal of waste,
the value of preserving cleanliness, and the potential health risks connected
with uncontrolled rubbish, conduct regular awareness campaigns through
community meetings, posters, and social media platforms.
Increase
surveillance and penalties: In order to discourage littering and incorrect
garbage disposal, increase surveillance and sanctions. Boost security in
strategic locations and penalize those who disobey waste management laws with
fines or other sanctions.
I firmly
believe that by putting these measures into action, we can effectively address
the unchecked rubbish issue in our neighborhood and produce a cleaner,
healthier environment for everyone. The residents' health and welfare are at
risk, thus I sincerely ask that you give this issue your immediate attention.
Thank you for
your attention to this matter.
Yours sincerely
Jayant Bist
